The Buzz on News Report

An Unbiased View of News Report


Information organizations that are successful are forward-looking and spend for the long-term. Both start-up and legacy information operations need to have a strategy in position for transforming at the very least a 3rd of their company version every 5 years. They need to develop five-year economic objectives for prices, profits, and earnings and after that work in reverse to construct a business strategy determining and prioritizing undertakings most likely to cause long-lasting success and sustainability.


With their journalism, solid regional wire service have the ability to not just enlighten us as citizens, but also reveal us just how we're linked to people we may not recognize we're linked to. We require to see to it that whatever replaces the 20th century variation of neighborhood newspapers offers the very same academic and community-building functions.


The platform's name modification happened in July 2023 - News Report.) Some social networks sites regardless of having fairly small general target markets stand out for having high shares of users who on a regular basis most likely to the site for news. Approximately half of customers on X (53%) get news there. On the various other hand, only 15% of Snapchat individuals routinely obtain information on the app.




The Ultimate Guide To News Report


No social media website included right here has normal news consumers who are much more likely to be Republican politicians or lean Republican, though there is no substantial partial difference among information customers on Facebook, X or Nextdoor.




reporters, but except the public, June 27, 2022 Information on Twitter: Taken In by The Majority Of Users and Relied On by Many, Nov. 15, 2021 More than eight-in-ten Americans get information from digital tools, Jan. 12, 2021 Measuring News Consumption in a Digital Period, Dec. 8, 2020 Lots Of Americans Get Information on YouTube, Where News Organizations and Independent Producers Prosper Side-by-side, Sept.


Lots of reporters would likely see them as being at the really core of their professional goal a goal that they would certainly argue the information media supplies on distinctively well. What does the public think? In the Executive Summary we saw that, across all countries, many people agree that the news media maintain them as much as day with what's occurring (62%), and that they assist them understand current occasions (51%).




How News Report can Save You Time, Stress, and Money.


Examinations of the media along various other measurements tend to be much more negative. Under half (42%) concur with the recommendation that the news media monitor and scrutinise the effective, only 29% agree that the information media cover subjects that are pertinent to them, and just 16% think that the news media use the appropriate tone.


It is essential to aim out that lots of individuals do not have a solid view concerning this, with practically fifty percent (44%) picking neither concur neither differ. These accumulated numbers can hide huge national differences. Listed below we use a collection of radar charts to present the distinctions between 2 countries where respondents have relatively positive perspectives in the direction of the information media (Finland and Canada), and 2 nations where people are a lot more adverse (Greece and Hungary).


Only 9% assumes that the news media makes use of the best tone (in regards to negativity) in Greece, compared to 25% in Finland. We can likewise see differences between teams within countries. If we take a look at differences by education, in the UK and Germany we can see that those with higher degrees of formal education are much more likely site web to review the information media my link positively along every dimension.




News ReportNews Report
This harmonizes the objection that the information media do a much better work of providing for people who are most similar to the reporters themselves, and are much less able to serve those groups that are much less most likely to be located in the newsroom - News Report. UK and Germany Q15_2019_1/ 2/3/4/ 5. Please show your level of arrangement with the complying with declarations: The information media screen and scrutinise effective people and businesses/The topics picked by the information media do not really feel appropriate to me/The news media usually take also unfavorable sight of events/The information media maintain me approximately day with what's going on/The news media assist me recognize the information of the day




The Main Principles Of News Report


We could also expect to see differences by age. Older individuals are arguably most likely to have been hung out with a more favorable sight of the news media, and with a more powerful normative view about the significance of the role that the news media play within culture. When it comes to age, although the more than 35s in Germany do often tend to rank the media somewhat a lot more favorably, in the UK the differences are tiny.


Predictably, our research reveals that those who believe that the information media satisfy the standard functions checked out in this section are more probable to trust the information. The effect of each role on trust fund varies significantly. Sights on the tone of information protection do not show up to influence depend on quite: 48% of those who assume that the news media utilize the proper tone state they trust the information, yet this just drops to 43% have a peek at this website among those that find the information too negative.




News ReportNews Report
The bulk (58%) of those that concur that the news media do a good work in aiding them recognize what is taking place in the world trust fund the information, while just 19% of those who disagree with the declaration do so - News Report. Immediacy was additionally found to be highly correlated with count on




News Report Fundamentals Explained


Simply put, we find that individuals are more likely to rely on the information if they feel it maintains them up to day with what's occurring, helps them understand it, and holds power to account. The links in between these assessments and trust fund are occasionally quite solid, web links with patterns of information use such as paying for online information tend to be weaker.




News ReportNews Report
This recommends that examinations of the news media are not always crucial for individuals's determination to pay, and that this willingness is most likely to be influenced by other variables. We can likewise take a more detailed consider perspectives in the direction of the watchdog duty of the news media whether they are successful in monitoring and scrutinising the effective.

 

News Articles Fundamentals Explained

A Biased View of News Articles


And news demands to be kept in mind in the form of newspapers, which become historic papers. While the print sector is shedding vapor, the online magazine service and social media are on the rise. Many news companies are making the button to online publication.




News ArticlesNews Articles
"We can take place Facebook and find the exact same write-ups we would certainly discover in a paper completely free," said Siltman. While the net permits quicker shipment of the news and simpler immediate gain access to, the depth of information is often shed with online magazines. "People commonly miss over the headings while they get on their phones, yet with newspapers, they read the headlines and read the material that complies with," stated Kuhn.


"If the government manages the news and press, after that the government regulates you," stated Kuhn. Newspapers have a duty in our freedom by "checking" or being the "guard dog" for every one of the various other branches of federal government, comparable to the ways all of the branches examine each other. Journalism is known as the "4th estate" of the government.




News ArticlesNews Articles
The authors of Stanton claimed, "Keep tossing it on our grass. We are happy to have it!".




Rumored Buzz on News Articles


In the substantial landscape of news journalism, the value of technical writing usually goes unnoticed. It plays a critical role in successfully sharing information to varied target markets. This is mainly because of the unique technical author attributes that enable efficient communication. This article checks out the underrated influence of technical writing, highlighting its payment to accuracy, credibility, and comprehension in information reporting.


When it comes to information short articles, technical composing makes sure that details is connected precisely, fairly, and briefly. Information short articles serve as a key resource of information for the public, forming their assumptions and understanding of the globe.




Technical creating gets rid of uncertainty, ensuring that viewers can trust the precision of the information they consume. News Articles. By employing technical writing in information articles, reporters can stay clear of misinterpretation and distortion of details. This is especially important when reporting on marginalised areas, that have traditionally been misstated or underrepresented in news protection


When visitors are able to understand the details being offered, they are more probable to develop enlightened point of views and make informed choices. Clear and succinct language likewise aids to develop trust and reputation with visitors. When news write-ups are created in an uncomplicated manner, viewers are more probable to check out the details as trusted and credible.




Some Ideas on News Articles You Should Know


In a time where false information and phony information prevail, the duty of technological writing in news journalism can not be overstated (News Articles). It is through meticulous and strenuous technical writing methods that news organisations can regain and keep the depend on of their audiences. By prioritising accuracy, clarity, and expertise in their writing, information reporters can ensure that their records are trustworthy, read the article trustworthy, and worthwhile of the general public's trust fund


Marginalised areas are especially vulnerable to misrepresentation and underrepresentation in the media, and the language utilized in newspaper article can perpetuate damaging stereotypes or additional marginalise these areas. It is essential for journalists to be mindful of the language they make use of and the effect it can have on the story and assumption of information events.


This calls for a commitment to inclusivity, compassion, and an understanding of the power that language keeps in shaping the method we comprehend the world. Technical writing in information reporting hop over to here adds to clearness and precision by giving clear descriptions, concise language, and accurate terms. It makes certain that complicated details comes to a vast target market, improving the influence and credibility of news journalism.


According to data launched in June 2022, a minimum of one fifth of the united state 70 million individuals stay in a community without a paper or a neighborhood at threat of losing their own. Considering that 2018, we have actually been tracking academic research studies that display in plain terms the effect journalism carries our democracy.




The News Articles PDFs


Do you have added study to include, or are interested in exactly how you can be component of the service? The quantity of local political protection correlates with enhanced citizen yield. Voters have actually been more most likely to elect in down-ballot races in areas with more neighborhood newspapers per capita.


Olaf College located that even the presence of neighborhood newspapers adds to the likelihood that voters will load out even more of their tallies. Local media insurance coverage can increase voter interaction in state Supreme Court political elections.




News ArticlesNews Articles
Consuming local journalism is connected with consistent ballot in neighborhood political elections and a strong connection to area. Pew Study from this source Center experts found in 2016 that greater than a quarter of U.S. grownups claim they constantly vote in regional elections, and they likewise have "noticeably stronger" regional information habits than individuals that do not vote locally often.




Top Guidelines Of News Articles


When a significant journalistic resource of information declines or vanishes, there are enormous results on regional political engagement. This has occurred in hundreds of communities where there have actually been large declines in local information.

 

The Basic Principles Of News Websites

News Websites Can Be Fun For Anyone


It was down in the UK and Brazil however up some other nations, such as Greece, Bulgaria, and Poland (News Websites). This year, for the very first time, we asked concerning the different manner ins which individuals stay clear of the information and discovered that around half of avoiders (53%) were attempting to do so in a broad-brush or regular way for instance, by switching off the radio when the information began, or by scrolling past the news in social media sites


You claimed that you attempt to proactively stay clear of news.




News WebsitesNews Websites
Base: Those that in some cases or commonly stay clear of the information in all markets = 33,469. In our qualitative research this year we've listened to a lot more proof concerning the circumstances that trigger this selective news avoidance, even by those who are otherwise extremely interested. Specific newspaper article that are duplicated exceedingly or are really felt to be 'em otionally draining' are commonly overlooked in favour of something a lot more uplifting.


I'm possibly picking to learn more light-hearted tales than I made use of to presently. M, 51, UK Switching my back on news is the only method I feel I can cope often. I need to consciously make the initiative to transform away for the purpose of my very own mental health and wellness.




A Biased View of News Websites


Selective avoidance of Ukraine information was greatest in a number of the countries closest to the problem, strengthening findings from our added survey in 2015, not long after the war had actually started. Our data might not recommend a lack of rate of interest in Ukraine from close-by nations however rather a need to take care of time or secure mental wellness from the very actual horrors of battle.


Comparing Finland with a politically polarised nation such as the United States (see next graph) that is less influenced by the war, we locate a very various pattern of topic evasion. In the United States, we discover that customers are much more likely to stay clear of subjects such as nationwide politics and social justice, where disputes over issues such as sex, sexuality, and race have become very politicised.


American national politics are pretty poisonous these days. I find sometimes that I need to detach from stories that just make me angry. F, 61, USA For some people, bitter and divisive political arguments are a factor to transform off news completely, however for some political partisans, evasion is commonly concerning shutting out viewpoints you don't intend to listen to.




News WebsitesNews Websites
Those left wing are most likely than those on the right to stay clear of news concerning criminal activity or business and financing. Proof that some people are transforming away from crucial news topics, like the war in Ukraine, nationwide politics, and even environment adjustment is incredibly challenging for the news market and for those that believe the news media have a critical function in notifying the general public as component of a healthy democracy.




The 10-Second Trick For News Websites


Some are wanting to make news a lot more available for hard-to-reach groups, expanding the news program, commissioning even more motivating or positive news, or embracing useful or services journalism that give people a sense of hope or individual company. In our survey this year, we asked participants regarding their rate of interest in these different approaches.


This clarifies why tales like Ukraine or national politics execute well with information regulars but can at the very same time transform less interested customers away (News Websites). Careful avoiders are less curious about all kinds of news than non-avoiders but in loved one terms they do seem to be more curious about positive or solutions-based information




News WebsitesNews Websites
Instead we can translate this as an oft-stated wish for the news to be a little here are the findings bit less depressing and a little bit simpler to recognize. M, 55, Germany There are no easy solutions to what is a diverse story of interference and low interaction in a high-choice digital atmosphere, but our information suggest that much less sensationalist, much less unfavorable, and extra explanatory approaches may help, specifically with those that have low passion in news.




The Main Principles Of News Websites


2023). This might be true in the moment, but over time it seems to be leaving numerous people empty and much less completely satisfied, which might be undermining our link with and count on the information. Throughout markets, total trust fund in information (40%) and depend on in the resources people use themselves (46%) are down by a further 2 percentage factors this year.


Without a doubt, via the rear-view mirror, the COVID-19 trust bump is plainly noticeable in the adhering to graph, though the instructions of traveling later on has been mixed. In many cases (e.g. Finland), the count on increase has actually been kept, while in others the upturn looks even more like a blip in a story of continued lasting decrease.


A few of the highest reported degrees of media objection are discovered in countries with highest degree of suspect, such as Greece, the Philippines, the United States, France, and the United Kingdom. The most affordable degrees of media objection frequent those with higher levels of trust fund, such as Finland, Norway, Denmark, and Japan.




Facts About News Websites Uncovered




This year we asked participants about their preferences for message, audio and video when eating news online. Generally, we locate that the majority still prefer to review the information (57%), as opposed to watch (30%) or pay attention to it (13%), but more youthful individuals (under-35s) are more probable to pay attention (17%) than older teams.


Behind the averages we locate significant and surprising nation distinctions. In markets with a strong reading custom, such as Finland and the UK, around 8 in 10 still favor to read on the internet why not find out more information, yet in India and Thailand, around 4 in 10 (40%) say they prefer to view news online, and in their explanation the Philippines that percentage is over fifty percent (52%).

 

All about News Channels

Not known Details About News Channels

 

Nearly 500 years later, and the newspaper is still a reliable channel that commands approximately $15.9 billion in advertising invest within the U.S. Newspapers can get to countless individuals everyday and are one of one of the most trusted mediums, with 82 percent of consumers trusting it when purchasing decision. Papers are a wonderful method to get to older demographics that might be less responsive to electronic ads. Comparable to radio marketing, papers when combined with other advertising channels, can make your marketing initiatives much more successful.


Sunday newspapers were delivered, compared to an approximated 30.8 million Sunday documents in 2018. An additional con is that newspapers frequently have editorial guidelines to minimize intrusive ads, which can endanger branding efforts.




Unlike publications, newspapers have a brief life-span and are usually thrown out at the end of the day. Several papers are likewise relocating to digital. Nevertheless, numerous of these advertisements are banner advertisements, which are not constantly efficient in getting hold of an audience's focus. The initial magazines were published in the late 1600s as a kind of entertainment for the upper course, and commonly talked about matters of approach, society, and lifestyle.

 

 

 

News Channels Can Be Fun For Everyone


By the 20th century, magazines were known for having distinct audiences and the choice to purchase substantial ads in full shade. Audiences are normally much more interested in your marketing and anticipate it.


Females's publications commonly have actually segments devoted to style and/or elegance. An advertisement placement for clothes, devices, or makeup will likely read with earnest passion. Furthermore, magazines might currently have strong brand understanding which can help your very own ad. Magazines have a long life span compared to various other print media.


Lots of magazines are likewise very flexible and can target users based upon identities, task titles, or other details. One more con of magazines is that advertisers need to have their promotion prepared weeks or months before the publication date, which can make it difficult to position prompt advertisements. Publications are likewise usually national, making it challenging to target certain geographical locations.

 

 

 

News Channels - Questions


For digital publications, it can be hard to evaluate the top quality of their database without initial testing it out. Additionally, not all magazines in every industry are electronically savvy. This pattern is starting to transform, but relying on the industry you are looking to target, you may not have access to the granular details you need for a hyper-targeted campaign.


Signboards and murals advertising and marketing acts like Barnum & Bailey took control of the country. In later years, when the car was invented, signboards were adapted to be seen along highways and interstates to market Coca-Cola, Palmolive, and other brand name's latest products. In current years, billboards have progressed even better and have ended up being electronic.


Currently, there are even sensors and electronic cameras being used in order to make the signboard experience extra interactive. While this is among the older kinds of advertising, billboards are remaining to advance and continue to be a main kind of media advertising and marketing. Out-of-home advertising is extremely valuable when utilized effectively.

 

 

 

Our News Channels PDFs

 

News ChannelsNews Channels
Out-of-home advertisements are more concentrated so it is easier to form an audience's understanding of the brand name and brand name photo. Billboards and various other outside ads can additionally be customized, considering the area of the ads and the target market of a particular area. These advertisements likewise use broad protection, advertising and marketing to various teams of people for one rate.


Out-of-home marketing is not without its mistakes. It can be extremely challenging to segment an audience and target a certain kind of customer. Potential purchasers additionally have much less access to instant information regarding the brand name or item and throughout this lapse in time, might have forgotten seeing the ad completely.


When choosing to make use of out-of-home advertising, you and your team must find out how to produce an individualized experience to reach your audience. Social media is just one of the newest channels for media coordinators to make use of. Social media advertisements progressed from the initial digital banner ads, with the very first social media ad positioning happening on Facebook in 2006.

 

 

 

News ChannelsNews Channels
On average, a solitary perception on Facebook costs less than a cent, while a click expenses approximately 28 cents. It is extremely easy to gauge and maximize social campaigns while they are active. If an advertisement isn't working, media planners can stop the campaign or reapportion funds official source as needed.

 

 

 

Top Guidelines Of News Channels


There are numerous social media systems, and each system has specific requirements and finest practices that marketers will need to keep up with. Regardless of targeted promotions supporting the social platform, lots of users will certainly be frustrated or tense by messaging that is too constant, or also specific. Considering that social media sites is an available system, it brings in a great deal of competitors.


It's required to keep your account up-to-date, since a non-active social media profile can create skepticism among prospective consumers. New technologies are frequently emerging and different channels might why not look here be better for different audiences.


To boost sales on Black Friday, media planners must build electronic projects that motivate individuals to take activity quickly. On the other hand, campaigns to advertise brand name recognition must occur over a bigger time-span and consist of a more diverse media mix for best outcomes. Media coordinators should identify the project's desired budget plan, and after that assign funds to different channels and places based upon that.

 

 

 

Fascination About News Channels


If a television program has an 11 point rating for women between the ages of 18 and 30, that suggests that 11 percent of females between 18 and 30 watch that show. Frequency is a substantial component of just how well campaigns execute. Marketers require to duplicate messages regularly across multiple networks to make certain customers internalize their advertising messages.


This form of dimension represent online and offline client touchpoints, and utilizes sophisticated acknowledgment to establish exactly how considerable each touchpoint was to their supreme conversion. Marketers need to have an innovative analytics and attribution remedy to access this data and better assign media invest. Modern marketing professionals have accessibility to a variety of networks that can transmit marketing messages in distinct ways.


This page has actually been archived and is no more proactively preserved by the FCC.For details on exactly how to rescan your over-the-air television antenna, browse through . Some neighborhood TV stations in cities throughout the U.S. will certainly be changing their over-the-air program frequencies between now and July 2020. Individuals who enjoy free over-the-air television with an antenna will require to rescan their television set each time a station relocates to continue obtaining the neighborhood network.

 

 

 

News ChannelsNews Channels
Lots of over-the-air Television channels throughout the U.S. will be altering frequencies to assist open up airwaves for new high-speed cordless services. An adjustment in regularity influences just how a channel is obtained over the air by your Television.

 

 

 

News Channels Fundamentals Explained


Some regional TV channels will certainly be altering regularities in phases with mid-2020. Due to the fact that TV channels are moving at various times, you may need to rescan your Television set even more than when. Keep tuned to your neighborhood networks for information on when to rescan, as check here broadcasters will give customers at least thirty day notice.
 

Some Of Online News Article

Online News Article - The Facts

 

There are a few reasons reading prior to bed benefits your resting routines. The primary reason is the reduction in stress and anxiety, anxiety and muscle stress linked with analysis. Helping you loosen up and unwind before sleep can make a difference in having the ability to brush aside nervous ideas and permit your consciousness to wander off.


Hereof, literary fiction acts as a bridge to much better recognize other people and points of view that are greatly various from ours. Although individuals in the research study were checked on their responses after reviewing non-fiction, category (popular) fiction and literary fiction, the results especially recognizes literary fiction as having an effect on compassion.

 

 

 

Online News ArticleOnline News Article
Have you listened to of the claiming 'not all viewers are leaders, but all leaders are readers'? Well, there's a great deal of reality in that.

 

 

 

Some Known Incorrect Statements About Online News Article


A research study of the globe's wealthiest individuals located that the only characteristic in typical was the reality that they review. This was echoed in a research study in the UK, which discovered that typically, the greater the socio-economic team an individual belongs in, the more frequently they read. The link in between analysis and success is assumed to be driven by the need for knowledge.


Technology billionaire Elon Musk discovered exactly how to build rockets by reviewing books and would invest even more than 10 hours a day reading sci-fi stories. For a lot of, the act of reading is a singular act however this doesn't need to hold true. Reading can be become a gathering by discovering a like-minded team of pals or members of your area and joining a publication group.


Reading and talking about books have the impact of getting a deeper understanding of the tale via listening and disputing different perspectives. There are different choices for publication groups, from online and social media sites book clubs to in person publication groups. If you are attempting to decide which style of publication groups fits you, take a look at our Typical vs Online Book Clubs article.


In the past couple of decades, the lucky amongst us have actually recognised the hazards of dealing with an overabundance of food (obesity, diabetic issues) and have started to alter our diet regimens. Most of us do not yet comprehend that information is to the mind what sugar is to the body. Information is easy to digest.

 

 

 

The Best Strategy To Use For Online News Article


That's why we experience practically no saturation. Unlike reviewing books and long magazine posts (which require thinking), we can ingest limitless amounts of information flashes, which are bright-coloured sweets for the mind. Today, we have actually gotten to the exact same point in connection with details that we faced 20 years earlier in relation to food.

 

 

 

Online News ArticleOnline News Article
Take the complying with occasion (obtained from Nassim Taleb). An automobile drives over a bridge, and the bridge falls down. What does the news media concentrate on? The car. The person in the cars and truck. Where he originated from. Where he planned to go. Exactly how he experienced the collision (if he endured). That is all unnecessary.


The cars and truck is flashy, it's remarkable, it's an individual (non-abstract), and it's information that's cheap to create. News leads us to stroll about with the totally incorrect danger map in our heads.

 

 

 

Online News ArticleOnline News Article
People discover it very tough to recognise what's appropriate. It's a lot easier to identify what's brand-new. The appropriate vs. the new is the basic battle of the present age. Media organisations desire you to believe that news deals you some kind of an affordable advantage. Lots of fall for that.

 

 

 

A Biased View of Online News Article


Actually, news consumption is a competitive negative aspect. The much less information you consume, the bigger the advantage you have. Story are bubbles popping externally of a deeper world. Will gathering facts help you understand the world? Unfortunately, no. The connection is inverted. The vital stories are non-stories: sluggish, effective movements that establish listed below reporters' radar but have a transforming impact.


If more information leads to greater financial success, we would certainly expect journalists to be at the top of the pyramid. That's not the instance. It frequently causes the limbic system. Panicky stories spur the launch of waterfalls of glucocorticoid (cortisol). This deregulates your body immune system and Recommended Reading hinders the release of growth hormones.


High glucocorticoid levels create impaired digestion, absence of growth (cell, hair, bone), uneasiness and susceptibility to infections. The other prospective side-effects include anxiety, hostility, tunnel-vision and desensitisation. News feeds go right here the mother of all cognitive errors: confirmation bias. In the words of Warren Buffett: "What the human being is best at doing is translating all new info to ensure that their prior verdicts stay intact." Information intensifies this flaw.


It additionally intensifies one more cognitive mistake: the story bias. Our brains long for tales that "make sense" even if they don't match to fact.

 

 

 

The Of Online News Article


The relevant versus the brand-new is the basic battle of the current age. Media organisations want you to think that information offers you some sort of an affordable benefit.


Actually, news consumption is a competitive drawback. The less news you eat, the larger the advantage you have. News items are bubbles popping externally of a much deeper globe. Will accumulating realities aid you recognize the globe? Regretfully, no. The relationship is inverted. The essential tales are non-stories: sluggish, powerful motions that establish below journalists' radar however have a transforming result.




If even more information leads to higher financial success, we would certainly expect reporters to be at the top of the pyramid. That's not the instance. It regularly sets off the limbic system. Panicky tales spur the launch of cascades of glucocorticoid (cortisol). This decontrols news your immune system and prevents the release of development hormones.


High glucocorticoid degrees cause damaged digestion, absence of growth (cell, hair, bone), nervousness and sensitivity to infections. The various other potential side-effects consist of concern, hostility, tunnel-vision and desensitisation. News feeds the mommy of all cognitive mistakes: verification predisposition. In the words of Warren Buffett: "What the person is best at doing is analyzing all new info to ensure that their previous verdicts stay intact." News intensifies this defect.

 

 

 

Not known Facts About Online News Article


It also exacerbates another cognitive error: the story bias. Online News Article. Our brains crave stories that "make sense" also if they do not correspond to truth.
 

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15